Landscape protection and planning. Selected issues

Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie

Ean:9788375835724

• ISBN: 9788375835724
• Autor: Żarska B.
• Oprawa: broszura
• Rok wydania: 2014
• Format: b5
• Stron: 228

Spis treści

Preface ... 5

1. How to understand landscape and landscape protection? ... 7

2. Evolution in approach to nature, environment and landscape protection – historic outline ... 13

3. International activities to protect the Earth’s environment ... 16

4. International and European Union legal instruments for landscape protection ... 20

4.1. International law and programmes ... 20

4.1.1. European Landscape Convention (ELC) ... 20

4.1.2. Other important international acts of law and programmes ... 21

4.2. European Union law and policy on landscape protection ... 24

5. International categories of protected areas set up by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) ... 29

6. National level of landscape protection: the example and experience of Poland ... 30

7. Environmental aspects in landscape planning and protection ... 35

7.1. Ecological-spatial models of areas and landscape planning by the methodof ecological truss ... 35

7.2. Principles of landscape planning in terms of environmentavalues protection ... 38

7.3. Tourism planning in the aspect of landscape natural values protection – general principles ... 43

8. Plant communities in Poland ... 47

8.1. Vegetation in phytosociological aspect ... 47

8.1.1. Basic terms ... 47

8.1.2. Phytosociological record ... 48

8.1.3. Geobotanical division of Poland ... 49

8.2. Characteristic of natural plant communities ... 52

8.2.1. Forest and shrub vegetation ... 52

8.2.2. Water and rush vegetation ... 58

8.2.3. Peatbog vegetation ... 60

8.3. Characteristic of semi-natural plant communities ... 62

8.4. Characteristic of synanthropical plant communities ... 64

8.5. Attractiveness and usefulness of plant communities for recreation ... 67

9. Manor parks as valuable elements in rural landscape ... 69

9.1. Term and general information ... 69

9.2. Vegetation in manor parks ... 69

9.3. Aesthetic values of vegetation in manor parks ... 72

9.4. Vegetation evaluation of manor parks ... 72

10. Diversity of dendroflora – native species in Poland (the Central Europe) ... 74

11. Trees and shrubs in cultural landscape ... 80

11.1. Cultural landscape ... 80

11.2. The most important trees in prehistoric European culture ... 81

11.3. Trees in Polish cultural landscape ... 88

11.4. Single trees in cultural landscape ... 91

11.5. Trees lines in cultural landscape ... 92

12. Natural landscaping ... 96

12.1. Term and meaning ... 96

12.2. Plants in natural landscaping ... 96

13. Endangerments by invasive plant species ... 116

14. Principles of design – selected issues ... 124

15. Hortitherapy – therapeutic gardens: definitions and theories ... 207

 Bibliography ... 218